Mac使用Colima运行Docker
Container runtimes on macOS (and Linux) with minimal setup
Colima是一个免费的开源容器运行时，它使用QEMU在虚拟机中运行Docker容器。它是由Lima Project创建的，Lima项目是一群致力于创建工具以方便在 macOS上运行容器化应用程序的开发人员。
Lima (Linux virtual machines (on macOS, in most cases)) 项目由一群MacBook开发人员用户于2019年启动，出于对macOS缺乏良好的容器运行时和工具的不满而DIY。当时，在 macOS 上运行Docker容器的唯一选择是适用于macOS的Docker Desktop，它需要大中型公司的许可证。Lima项目着手为macOS创建 Docker Desktop的免费开源替代方案，以提供更好的性能和更多功能。
优势
- 免费和开源：一个免费和开源项目，这意味着它可以免费使用和修改。
- 高性能：C使用QEMU在虚拟机中运行Docker容器，可以提供比其他容器运行时更好的性能。
- 支持多容器运行时：支持Docker和Containerd作为运行时。
- 支持Kubernetes： Colima支持Kubernetes，这是管理容器化应用程序的强大工具。
- 易于使用：简单的CLI界面，易于安装和使用。
- 兼容所有版本macOS： Colima与所有版本的macOS兼容。M1 Mac架构支持。
Colima由以下组件组成：
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Colima ：主要的Colima组件负责启动和管理QEMU虚拟机。
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Lima：Lima是一个允许您从命令行管理 QEMU 虚拟机的工具。
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Docker：Colima使用Docker来运行容器化应用程序。
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Kubernetes：Colima 支持Kubernetes，因此可以使用它来运行由Kubernetes管理的容器化应用程序。
Installation
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# Homebrew
brew install colima
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安装Docker
启动
- 查看docker容器
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docker ps
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
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这是因为没有启动colima, 启动colima就可以。
- 启动colima服务
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colima start
INFO[0000] starting colima
INFO[0000] runtime: docker
INFO[0000] starting ... context=vm
INFO[0024] provisioning ... context=docker
INFO[0024] starting ... context=docker
INFO[0027] done
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Colima 会使用 QEMU 虚拟机；
- 启动后再查看
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docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
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启动成功
启动时指定参数
- create VM with 1CPU, 2GiB memory and 10GiB storage.
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colima start --cpu 1 --memory 2 --disk 10
colima list
PROFILE STATUS ARCH CPUS MEMORY DISK RUNTIME ADDRESS
default Running x86_64 1 2GiB 10GiB docker
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- create VM with Rosetta 2 emulation. Requires v0.5.3 and MacOS >= 13 (Ventura)
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colima start --arch aarch64 --vm-type=vz --vz-rosetta
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colima start --mount $HOME/project:/project:w
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使用配置启动
启动时修改配置
启动成功后，使用docker运行一个Portainer面板：
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docker run -d -p 18000:8000 -p 19443:9443 -p 19000:9000 --name portainer --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v portainer_data:/data portainer/portainer-ce:latest
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starts and setup Containerd
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colima start --runtime containerd
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starts and setup Kubernetes
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brew install kubectl
colima start --kubernetes
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指定名字为helm-test，使用kubernetes运行时，并指定资源配置
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colima start helm-test --kubernetes --cpu 2 --memory 4 --disk 10
INFO[0000] stopping colima [profile=helm-test]
WARN[0000] error retrieving runtimes: error retrieving current runtime: empty value
INFO[0000] stopping ... context=vm
INFO[0001] done
INFO[0004] starting colima [profile=helm-test]
INFO[0004] runtime: docker+k3s
INFO[0005] starting ... context=vm
INFO[0029] provisioning ... context=docker
INFO[0030] starting ... context=docker
INFO[0031] provisioning ... context=kubernetes
INFO[0047] starting ... context=kubernetes
INFO[0058] updating config ... context=kubernetes
INFO[0059] Switched to context "colima-helm-test". context=kubernetes
INFO[0060] done
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重复启动会失败忽略
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colima start helm-test --kubernetes -m2
WARN[0000] already running, ignoring
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查看当前启动的服务列表
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colima list
PROFILE STATUS ARCH CPUS MEMORY DISK RUNTIME ADDRESS
default Running x86_64 2 4GiB 10GiB docker
helm-test Running x86_64 2 4GiB 10GiB docker+k3s
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使用kubectl查看kubernetes服务
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kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.43.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 2m10s
kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
kube-system Active 3m2s
kube-public Active 3m2s
kube-node-lease Active 3m2s
default Active 3m2s
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查看kubernetes运行时启动后的镜像和容器
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docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
785c59542d32 rancher/mirrored-metrics-server "/metrics-server --c…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes k8s_metrics-server_metrics-server-67c658944b-kqjgk_kube-system_86610a87-3816-4da6-9a68-7e49e8588a7c_0
4c4551704157 rancher/mirrored-coredns-coredns "/coredns -conf /etc…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes k8s_coredns_coredns-6799fbcd5-pp8sr_kube-system_ed8eaa59-eaa6-4dd4-a3be-1cae57bd5fd0_0
01f1e74d85fb rancher/local-path-provisioner "local-path-provisio…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes k8s_local-path-provisioner_local-path-provisioner-84db5d44d9-7qlrp_kube-system_1906322a-f01a-4174-a728-c622d958b212_0
e71408df6a74 rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 "/pause" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes k8s_POD_metrics-server-67c658944b-kqjgk_kube-system_86610a87-3816-4da6-9a68-7e49e8588a7c_0
6a3c855075bf rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 "/pause" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes k8s_POD_local-path-provisioner-84db5d44d9-7qlrp_kube-system_1906322a-f01a-4174-a728-c622d958b212_0
32a27eaf5489 rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 "/pause" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes k8s_POD_coredns-6799fbcd5-pp8sr_kube-system_ed8eaa59-eaa6-4dd4-a3be-1cae57bd5fd0_0
docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
rancher/local-path-provisioner v0.0.24 b29384aeb4b1 13 months ago 40.1MB
rancher/mirrored-metrics-server v0.6.3 817bbe3f2e51 13 months ago 68.9MB
rancher/mirrored-coredns-coredns 1.10.1 ead0a4a53df8 15 months ago 53.6MB
rancher/mirrored-pause 3.6 6270bb605e12 2 years ago 683kB
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修改配置
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vim ~/.colima/helm-test/colima.yaml
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修改配置，如下：
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# Number of CPUs to be allocated to the virtual machine.
cpu: 2
# Size of the disk in GiB to be allocated to the virtual machine.
# NOTE: changing this has no effect after the virtual machine has been created.
disk: 60
# Size of the memory in GiB to be allocated to the virtual machine.
memory: 2
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修改保存后，重启 colima restart helm-test
注意：修改配置后重启colima服务，docker镜像和容器实例会被删除，需要重新拉取。
停止
停止 Docker 只需要停止 Colima 虚拟机即可：
停止和删除指定实例
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colima stop helm-test
INFO[0000] stopping colima [profile=helm-test]
WARN[0000] error retrieving runtimes: error retrieving current runtime: empty value
INFO[0000] stopping ... context=vm
INFO[0001] done
colima list
PROFILE STATUS ARCH CPUS MEMORY DISK RUNTIME ADDRESS
default Running x86_64 1 2GiB 10GiB docker
helm-test Stopped x86_64 2 2GiB 60GiB
colima delete helm-test
are you sure you want to delete colima [profile=helm-test] and all settings? [y/N] y
INFO[0004] deleting colima [profile=helm-test]
INFO[0005] done
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注意：重启或停止删除colima服务，docker镜像和容器实例会被删除。
运行Docker容器
启动一个nginx容器
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docker run --rm -d --name nginx -p 8080:80 nginx:latest
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
b0a0cf830b12: Pull complete
8ddb1e6cdf34: Pull complete
5252b206aac2: Pull complete
988b92d96970: Pull complete
7102627a7a6e: Pull complete
93295add984d: Pull complete
ebde0aa1d1aa: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ed6d2c43c8fbcd3eaa44c9dab6d94cb346234476230dc1681227aa72d07181ee
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
56b934f1c033978c66c931ad1ccafe543813a2dd2db4e2978a204dcd2cf1ed0c
docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
56b934f1c033 nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 29 seconds ago Up 30 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp nginx
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访问nginx测试
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curl -I http://localhost:8080
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.25.5
Date: Sat, 04 May 2024 05:15:34 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 615
Last-Modified: Tue, 16 Apr 2024 14:29:59 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "661e8b67-267"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
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参考