[Go] time.Time 时间格式处理

golang中对时间和日期格式处理

date format in Go

golang 时间格式化文档time constants

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time.Now().UTC().Format("2006-01-02")

time.Now().UTC().Format("02/01/2006")

time.Now().UTC().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")

time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)

Parse date with a timezone

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s := "2022-07-30T19:12:00+01:00"
loc, _ := time.LoadLocation("Europe/Berlin")
t, _ := time.ParseInLocation(time.RFC3339, s, loc)
fmt.Println(t)

计算两个日期的时间差

使用Time.Sub()函数计算两个时间的差值，将差值转换为不同时间单位。

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d := time.Date(2000, 2, 1, 12, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
year, month, day := d.Date()

fmt.Printf("year = %v\n", year)
fmt.Printf("month = %v\n", month)
fmt.Printf("day = %v\n", day)

nowDate := time.Date(2022, 7, 30, 17, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
oldDate := time.Date(2020, 2, 12, 5, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
difference := nowDate.Sub(oldDate)

fmt.Printf("Years: %d\n", int64(difference.Hours()/24/365))
fmt.Printf("Months: %d\n", int64(difference.Hours()/24/30))
fmt.Printf("Weeks: %d\n", int64(difference.Hours()/24/7))
fmt.Printf("Days: %d\n", int64(difference.Hours()/24))
fmt.Printf("Hours: %.f\n", difference.Hours())
fmt.Printf("Minutes: %.f\n", difference.Minutes())
fmt.Printf("Seconds: %.f\n", difference.Seconds())
fmt.Printf("Milliseconds: %d\n", difference.Milliseconds())
fmt.Printf("Microseconds: %d\n", difference.Microseconds())
fmt.Printf("Nanoseconds: %d\n", difference.Nanoseconds())

Unix time in Go

标准库Time包可以轻松处理Unix time，获取时间截，转换时间格式。

Convert date/time to Unix epoch time

标准库time.Time结构包含多个获取Unix时间截的方法，将日期转换类型为int64的时间截

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date := time.Date(2022, 7, 30, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
fmt.Println(date.Unix())
fmt.Println(date.UnixMilli())
fmt.Println(date.UnixMicro())
fmt.Println(date.UnixNano())

Get current Unix timestamp

获取当前时间的时间截，只需要通过time.Now()方法获取到当前时间的Time结构，然后使用时间截方法转换。

Get current Unix/Epoch time in seconds

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fmt.Println(time.Now().Unix())

Get current Unix/Epoch time in milliseconds

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fmt.Println(time.Now().UnixMilli())

Get current Unix/Epoch time in microseconds

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fmt.Println(time.Now().UnixMicro())

Get current Unix/Epoch time in nanoseconds

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fmt.Println(time.Now().UnixNano())

Convert Unix timestamp to time.Time

标准库同样提供方法将时间截类型int64转换为Time

Second Unix timestamp to time.Time

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timestamp := time.Now().Unix()
t := time.Unix(timestamp, 0)
fmt.Println(t.UTC())

Millisecond Unix timestamp to time.Time

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timestamp := time.Now().UnixMilli()
t := time.UnixMilli(timestamp)
fmt.Println(t.UTC())

Microsecond Unix timestamp to time.Time

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timestamp := time.Now().UnixMicro()
t := time.UnixMicro(timestamp)
fmt.Println(t.UTC())

Nanosecond Unix timestamp to time.Time

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timestamp := time.Now().UnixNano()
t := time.Unix(0, timestamp)
fmt.Println(t.UTC())

Parse Unix timestamp from string to time.Time

将字符串类型的时间截转换为time.Time

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timeString := "1659173687"
timestamp, _ := strconv.ParseInt(timeString, 10, 64)
t := time.Unix(timestamp, 0)
fmt.Println(t.UTC())

Date and time format in Go

时间格式

时间格式定义，time constants

“01/02 03:04:05PM ‘06 -0700”

01 - month
02 - day
03 - hour (12h)
04 - minute
05 - second
06 - year
07 - time zone offset

Date format

Year format

Go layout	Format	Example	Description
2006	YYYY	“2022”	Four-digit year
06	YY	“22”	Two-digit year

Month format

Go layout	Format	Example	Description
January	MMMM	“July”	Full month name
Jan	MMM	“Jul”	Three-letter abbreviation of the month
01	MM	“07”	Two-digit month (with a leading 0 if necessary)
1	M	“7”	At most two-digit month (without a leading 0)

Day format

Go layout	Format	Example	Description
Monday	DDDD	“Tuesday”	Full weekday name
Mon	DDD	“Tue”	Three-letter abbreviation of the weekday
02	DD	“08”	Two-digit month day (with a leading 0 if necessary)
_2	_D	" 8”	Two-character month day with a leading space if necessary
2	D	“8”	At most two-digit month day (without a leading 0)
002	ddd	“074”	Three-digit day of the year (with a leading 0 if necessary)
__2	__d	" 74”	Three-character day of the year with a leading spaces if necessary

Time format

Hour format

Go layout	Format	Example	Description
15	hh	“17”	Two-digit 24h format hour
03	hh	“05”	Two digit 12h format hour (with a leading 0 if necessary)
3	h	“5”	At most two-digit 12h format hour (without a leading 0)
PM	am/pm	“AM”	AM/PM mark (uppercase)
pm	am/pm	“am”	AM/PM mark (lowercase)

Minute format

Go layout	Format	Example	Description
04	mm	"07”	Two-digit minute (with a leading 0 if necessary)
4	m	"7”	At most two-digit minute (without a leading 0)

Second format

Go layout	Format	Example	Description
05	ss	“09”	Two-digit second (with a leading 0 if necessary)
5	s	“9”	At most two-digit second (without a leading 0)
.0, .00, …, .000000000	.s	“.126284000”	A fractional second (trailing zeros included)
.9, .99, …, .999999999	.s	“.126284”	A fractional second (trailing zeros omitted)

Time zone format

Go layout	Format	Example	Description
MST	TTT	“CEST”	Abbreviation of the time zone
-070000	±hhmmss	“+010000”	Numeric time zone offset with hours, minutes, and seconds
-07:00:00	±hh:mm:ss	“+01:00:00”	Numeric time zone offset with hours, minutes, and seconds separated by colons
-0700	±hhmm	“+0100”	Numeric time zone offset with hours and minutes
-07:00	±hh:mm	“+01:00”	Numeric time zone offset with hours and minutes separated by colons
-07	±hh	“+01”	Numeric time zone offset with hours
Z070000	Z or ±hhmmss	“+010000”	Like -070000 but prints “Z” instead of “+000000” for the UTC zone (ISO 8601 behavior)
Z07:00:00	Z or ±hh:mm:ss	“+01:00:00”	Like -07:00:00 but prints “Z” instead of “+00:00:00” for the UTC zone (ISO 8601 behavior)
Z0700	Z or ±hhmm	“+0100”	Like -0700 but prints “Z” instead of “+0000” for the UTC zone (ISO 8601 behavior)
Z07:00	Z or ±hh:mm	“+01:00”	Like -07:00 but prints “Z” instead of “+00:00” for the UTC zone (ISO 8601 behavior)
Z07	Z or ±hh	“+01”	Like -07 but prints “Z” instead of “+00” for the UTC zone (ISO 8601 behavior)